Biochemistry: Proteins, DNA & Metabolism

36 questions · Answers revealed below each question · Print this set

1.What distinguishes an unsaturated fat chemically?
- A. It is always solid
- B. It has no carbon
- C. It lacks hydrogen entirely
- D. It has double bonds
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It has double bonds
Did you know? Unsaturated fats carry one or more carbon double bonds, staying liquid.
2.What sugar sits in DNA's backbone?
- A. Glucose
- B. Deoxyribose
- C. Ribose
- D. Sucrose
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Deoxyribose
Did you know? DNA's D stands for its deoxyribose sugar.
3.Whose 1921 insulin discovery led to the 1923 Nobel Prize?
- A. Buchner
- B. Sanger
- C. Banting and Best
- D. Warburg
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Banting and Best
Did you know? Banting and Best's 1921 extract tamed diabetes.
4.How many amino acids does the standard genetic code use?
- A. Twenty
- B. Ten
- C. Sixty-four
- D. Forty
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Twenty
Did you know? The code spells twenty standard amino acids from 64 codons.
5.Which process hardens vegetable oil into margarine?
- A. Polymerization
- B. Hydrogenation
- C. Esterification
- D. Oxidation
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Hydrogenation
Did you know? Hydrogenation saturates oil bonds, stiffening it into shortening.
6.Which molecule is the end electron acceptor of the respiratory chain?
- A. Pyruvate
- B. Oxygen
- C. Carbon dioxide
- D. NAD
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Oxygen
Did you know? Oxygen takes the final electrons, becoming water.
7.Whose rule states DNA's adenine equals its thymine content?
- A. Hershey
- B. Erwin Chargaff
- C. Avery
- D. Griffith
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Erwin Chargaff
Did you know? Chargaff's rules: A=T and G=C in any DNA sample.
8.Which hormone does the thyroid build with iodine?
- A. Thyroxine
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Cortisol
- D. Insulin
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Thyroxine
Did you know? Thyroxine sets the metabolic pace, iodine and all.
9.Which pathway first splits glucose, outside the mitochondria?
- A. Calvin cycle
- B. Krebs cycle
- C. Beta oxidation
- D. Glycolysis
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Glycolysis
Did you know? Glycolysis starts sugar breakdown in the cell fluid.
10.What bond joins one amino acid to the next?
- A. Ionic bond
- B. Ester bond
- C. Peptide bond
- D. Glycosidic bond
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Peptide bond
Did you know? Peptide bonds string amino acids into polypeptide chains.
11.Milk sugar is made of glucose plus which partner?
- A. Galactose
- B. Fructose
- C. Maltose
- D. Sucrose
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Galactose
Did you know? Lactose pairs glucose with galactose.
12.Which Nobel-winning technique copies DNA in cycles, invented by Kary Mullis?
- A. Mass spectrometry
- B. Chromatography
- C. PCR
- D. Gel electrophoresis
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PCR
Did you know? PCR multiplies DNA exponentially through heating cycles.
13.Which two hormones does the pancreas use to balance blood sugar?
- A. Thyroxine and insulin
- B. Insulin and cortisol
- C. Adrenaline and insulin
- D. Insulin and glucagon
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Insulin and glucagon
Did you know? Insulin lowers and glucagon raises blood glucose.
14.Which French scientist proved fermentation is caused by living yeast?
- A. Robert Koch
- B. Louis Pasteur
- C. Joseph Lister
- D. Antoine Lavoisier
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Louis Pasteur
Did you know? Pasteur's 1857 work founded the science of fermentation.
15.What is the oxygen-storage protein of muscle called?
- A. Myoglobin
- B. Keratin
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Collagen
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Myoglobin
Did you know? Myoglobin banks oxygen inside muscle cells.
16.Which enzyme unzips the DNA double helix during replication?
- A. Helicase
- B. Polymerase
- C. Ligase
- D. Amylase
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Helicase
Did you know? Helicase unwinds the helix; ligase glues the fragments.
17.Which cycle fixes CO2 into sugar in photosynthesis?
- A. Urea cycle
- B. Krebs cycle
- C. Nitrogen cycle
- D. Calvin cycle
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Calvin cycle
Did you know? The Calvin cycle builds sugar from air in the chloroplast.
18.Why does pineapple keep gelatin from setting?
- A. Its acid kills the gelatin
- B. Bromelain digests gelatin's protein
- C. Its oil floats the mix
- D. Its sugar blocks setting
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Bromelain digests gelatin's protein
Did you know? Pineapple's bromelain enzyme digests the gelatin protein itself.
19.Which base replaces thymine in RNA?
- A. Adenine
- B. Uracil
- C. Cytosine
- D. Guanine
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Uracil
Did you know? RNA reads uracil where DNA reads thymine.
20.Which 1952 blender experiment confirmed DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material?
- A. Hershey-Chase
- B. Meselson-Stahl
- C. Griffith
- D. Miller-Urey
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Hershey-Chase
Did you know? Hershey-Chase tagged DNA with phosphorus-32 to settle it.
21.Which Scottish chemist mapped CO2 in air and coined "fixed air" in the 1750s?
- A. Joseph Black
- B. Cavendish
- C. van Helmont
- D. Priestley
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Joseph Black
Did you know? Joseph Black identified fixed air as a distinct gas in 1754.
22.Who proved in 1949 that sickle-cell anemia stems from one altered hemoglobin?
- A. Sanger
- B. Linus Pauling
- C. Perutz
- D. Watson
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Linus Pauling
Did you know? Pauling's 1949 paper launched molecular medicine.
23.Which vitamin K fact earned Henrik Dam the 1943 Nobel?
- A. Its antioxidant power
- B. Its blood-clotting role
- C. Its role in vision
- D. Its calcium storage
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Its blood-clotting role
Did you know? Dam found vitamin K as the clotting factor of greens.
24.Which experiment of 1928 first showed a "transforming principle" in pneumonia bacteria?
- A. Hershey-Chase
- B. Frederick Griffith's
- C. Pasteur's swan-neck
- D. Miller-Urey
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Frederick Griffith's
Did you know? Griffith's 1928 mice work revealed bacterial transformation.
25.Who proved plants restore air by green light experiments, coining photosynthesis groundwork?
- A. Joseph Priestley
- B. Antoine Lavoisier
- C. Robert Hooke
- D. Jan Ingenhousz
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Jan Ingenhousz
Did you know? Ingenhousz showed in 1779 that sunlight plus green tissue renews air.
26.Who determined insulin's amino acid sequence, winning the 1958 Nobel?
- A. Frederick Sanger
- B. John Kendrew
- C. Dorothy Hodgkin
- D. Max Perutz
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Frederick Sanger
Did you know? Sanger read insulin's sequence, then won a second Nobel for DNA methods.
27.Which vitamin's 1937 Nobel isolate came from paprika, via Szent-Györgyi?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin C
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Vitamin C
Did you know? Szent-Györgyi isolated ascorbic acid from paprika.
28.Who proposed DNA replication is semiconservative, confirmed by the Meselson-Stahl test?
- A. Watson and Crick
- B. Griffith
- C. Chargaff
- D. Mendel
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Watson and Crick
Did you know? Each new DNA helix keeps one old strand, the semiconservative rule.
29.Which nitrogenous waste do mammals excrete via the urea cycle?
- A. Urea
- B. Ammonia
- C. Uric acid
- D. Creatinine
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Urea
Did you know? The liver's urea cycle converts ammonia into excretable urea.
30.Which British Nobel laureate solved myoglobin's 3D structure in 1958?
- A. John Kendrew
- B. Frederick Sanger
- C. Max Perutz
- D. Dorothy Hodgkin
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John Kendrew
Did you know? Kendrew's myoglobin was the first protein structure solved.
31.Whose 1912 work coined the term "vitamine"?
- A. Casimir Funk
- B. Albert Szent-Györgyi
- C. Christiaan Eijkman
- D. Frederick Hopkins
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Casimir Funk
Did you know? Casimir Funk named "vitamines" in 1912.
32.Who discovered urea synthesis from ammonia and CO2, founding biochemistry?
- A. Eduard Buchner
- B. Justus von Liebig
- C. Louis Pasteur
- D. Friedrich Wöhler
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Friedrich Wöhler
Did you know? Wöhler's 1828 urea synthesis broke the "vital force" barrier.
33.Who won the 1929 Nobel for the vitamin-deficiency work with beriberi?
- A. Christiaan Eijkman
- B. Henrik Dam
- C. Albert Szent-Györgyi
- D. Casimir Funk
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Christiaan Eijkman
Did you know? Eijkman's rice-husk work cured beriberi in chicks.
34.Who proved water and not soil is the main mass of plants, with a willow?
- A. Jan Baptist van Helmont
- B. Stephen Hales
- C. Julius von Sachs
- D. Nikolai Timiryazev
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Jan Baptist van Helmont
Did you know? Van Helmont's five-year willow weighed the water in.
35.Who won the 1953 Nobel for describing the citric acid cycle?
- A. Hans Krebs
- B. Otto Warburg
- C. Fritz Lipmann
- D. Melvin Calvin
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Hans Krebs
Did you know? Krebs took the 1953 medicine Nobel for his cycle.
36.Which coenzyme carries electrons to the respiratory chain, a B-vitamin derivative?
- A. NAD
- B. Coenzyme Q
- C. Glutathione
- D. ATP
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NAD
Did you know? NAD ferries electrons from glycolysis to the chain.

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